Scheme 语言 实战 配置数据的 AES 加密解密完整流程

Scheme^【1】 语言实战：配置数据的 AES^【2】 加密解密完整流程

Scheme 是一种函数式编程语言，属于 Lisp 家族。它以其简洁、灵活和强大的表达能力而著称。在信息安全领域，加密解密技术是保护数据安全的重要手段。本文将围绕 Scheme 语言，实现配置数据的 AES 加密解密完整流程。

AES 加密解密原理

AES（Advanced encrypt^【3】ion Standard）是一种广泛使用的对称加密^【4】算法。它采用密钥对数据进行加密和解密，保证了数据的安全性。AES 加密解密流程如下：

1. 初始化向量（IV）^【5】：在加密过程^【7】中，IV 用于初始化加密算法的状态，增加加密的随机性。
2. 密钥扩展^【8】：根据用户提供的密钥，生成一系列子密钥，用于加密过程中的各个轮次。
3. 加密过程：将明文^【9】数据分成固定大小的块，对每个块进行加密。
4. 解密过程^【10】：将密文^【11】数据分成固定大小的块，对每个块进行解密。

Scheme 语言实现 AES 加密解密

以下是使用 Scheme 语言实现 AES 加密解密的代码示例：

```scheme
(define (aes-encrypt<sup>【12】</sup> key<sup>【13】</sup> iv plaintext<sup>【14】</sup>)
(define (xor<sup>【15】</sup> bytes1 bytes2)
(map<sup>【16】</sup> (lambda<sup>【17】</sup> (b1 b2) (logxor<sup>【18】</sup> b1 b2)) bytes1 bytes2))
(define (sub-byte byte)
(let<sup>【19】</sup> ((s-box<sup>【20】</sup> (aes-s-box<sup>【21】</sup>)))
(vector<sup>【22】</sup>-ref s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (inv-sub-byte byte)
(let ((inv-s-box<sup>【23】</sup> (aes-inv-s-box<sup>【24】</sup>)))
(vector-ref inv-s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (shift-row<sup>【25】</sup> row)
(let ((row-len (vector-length row)))
(vector-ref row (mod<sup>【26】</sup> (+ 1 (vector-ref row (mod (- row-len 1) 4))) row-len))))
(define (mix-columns<sup>【27】</sup> columns)
(let ((mix-matrix<sup>【28】</sup>
(vector 0x02 0x03 0x01 0x01
0x01 0x02 0x03 0x01
0x01 0x01 0x02 0x03
0x03 0x01 0x02 0x01)))
(map (lambda (col)
(let ((col-len (vector-length col)))
(vector-map<sup>【29】</sup> (lambda (i)
(let ((sum 0))
(for<sup>【30】</sup> ((j 0) (< j col-len) (set!<sup>【31】</sup> j (+ j 1)))
(set! sum (+ sum (vector-ref col j) (vector-ref mix-matrix i j))))
(mod sum 256)))
col)))
columns)))
(define (inv-mix-columns<sup>【32】</sup> columns)
(let ((inv-mix-matrix
(vector 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D 0x09
0x09 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D
0x0D 0x09 0x0E 0x0B
0x0B 0x0D 0x09 0x0E)))
(map (lambda (col)
(let ((col-len (vector-length col)))
(vector-map (lambda (i)
(let ((sum 0))
(for ((j 0) (< j col-len) (set! j (+ j 1)))
(set! sum (+ sum (vector-ref col j) (vector-ref inv-mix-matrix i j))))
(mod sum 256)))
col)))
columns)))
(define (round<sup>【33】</sup> key round-key)
(let ((state (vector 0 0 0 0)))
(for ((i 0) (< i 4) (set! i (+ i 1)))
(for ((j 0) (< j 4) (set! j (+ j 1)))
(set! (vector-ref state j) (logxor (vector-ref state j) (vector-ref key i)))))
(set! (vector-ref state 0) (sub-byte (vector-ref state 0)))
(set! (vector-ref state 1) (shift-row (vector-ref state 1)))
(set! (vector-ref state 2) (sub-byte (vector-ref state 2)))
(set! (vector-ref state 3) (shift-row (vector-ref state 3)))
(set! round-key state)))
(define (inv-round<sup>【34】</sup> key round-key)
(let ((state (vector 0 0 0 0)))
(for ((i 0) (< i 4) (set! i (+ i 1)))
(for ((j 0) (< j 4) (set! j (+ j 1)))
(set! (vector-ref state j) (logxor (vector-ref state j) (vector-ref key i)))))
(set! (vector-ref state 0) (inv-sub-byte (vector-ref state 0)))
(set! (vector-ref state 3) (shift-row (vector-ref state 3)))
(set! (vector-ref state 2) (inv-sub-byte (vector-ref state 2)))
(set! (vector-ref state 1) (shift-row (vector-ref state 1)))
(set! round-key state)))
(define (expand-key<sup>【35】</sup> key expanded-key)
(let ((key-len (vector-length key)))
(for ((i 0) (< i key-len) (set! i (+ i 1)))
(vector-set! expanded-key i key))
(for ((i key-len) (< i ( 4 (+ 1 (logand (vector-length key) 0xFF)))) (set! i (+ i 1)))
(let ((r (vector-ref key (mod (- i 1) key-len)))
(k (vector-ref key (mod (- i 2) key-len))))
(vector-set! expanded-key i
(logxor (logxor (vector-ref r 0) (vector-ref k 0))
(logxor (vector-ref r 1) (vector-ref k 1))
(logxor (vector-ref r 2) (vector-ref k 2))
(logxor (vector-ref r 3) (vector-ref k 3)))))
(vector-set! expanded-key (+ i 1)
(logxor (vector-ref expanded-key i)
(aes-sub-byte (vector-ref expanded-key (+ i 1)))))))))
(define (aes-encrypt-block block key)
(define (rounds key)
(let ((round-key (vector 0 0 0 0)))
(expand-key key round-key)
(for ((i 0) ( i 0) (set! i (- i 1)))
(inv-round key round-key))
round-key))
(define (encrypt block key)
(define (add round-key)
(xor block round-key))
(define (sub round-key)
(xor block round-key))
(define (mix round-key)
(define (mix-column col)
(let ((a (vector-ref col 0))
(b (vector-ref col 1))
(c (vector-ref col 2))
(d (vector-ref col 3)))
(vector (+ (logxor a b) (logxor c d))
(+ (logxor a c) (logxor b d))
(+ (logxor a d) (logxor b c))
(+ a b c d))))
(define (mix-columns cols)
(map mix-columns cols))
(define (inv-mix-columns cols)
(let ((inv-mix-matrix
(vector 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D 0x09
0x09 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D
0x0D 0x09 0x0E 0x0B
0x0B 0x0D 0x09 0x0E)))
(map (lambda (col)
(let ((col-len (vector-length col)))
(vector-map (lambda (i)
(let ((sum 0))
(for ((j 0) (< j col-len) (set! j (+ j 1)))
(set! sum (+ sum (vector-ref col j) (vector-ref inv-mix-matrix i j))))
(mod sum 256)))
col)))
cols)))
(define (shift-rows cols)
(let ((cols-len (vector-length cols)))
(map (lambda (col)
(vector-ref col (mod (+ 1 (vector-ref col (mod (- cols-len 1) 4))) cols-len)))
cols)))
(define (sub-byte byte)
(let ((s-box (aes-s-box)))
(vector-ref s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (inv-sub-byte byte)
(let ((inv-s-box (aes-inv-s-box)))
(vector-ref inv-s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (rounds key)
(let ((round-key (vector 0 0 0 0)))
(expand-key key round-key)
(for ((i 0) ( i 0) (set! i (- i 1)))
(inv-round key round-key))
round-key))
(define (encrypt-block block key)
(define (add round-key)
(xor block round-key))
(define (sub round-key)
(xor block round-key))
(define (mix round-key)
(define (mix-column col)
(let ((a (vector-ref col 0))
(b (vector-ref col 1))
(c (vector-ref col 2))
(d (vector-ref col 3)))
(vector (+ (logxor a b) (logxor c d))
(+ (logxor a c) (logxor b d))
(+ (logxor a d) (logxor b c))
(+ a b c d))))
(define (mix-columns cols)
(map mix-columns cols))
(define (inv-mix-columns cols)
(let ((inv-mix-matrix
(vector 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D 0x09
0x09 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D
0x0D 0x09 0x0E 0x0B
0x0B 0x0D 0x09 0x0E)))
(map (lambda (col)
(let ((col-len (vector-length col)))
(vector-map (lambda (i)
(let ((sum 0))
(for ((j 0) (< j col-len) (set! j (+ j 1)))
(set! sum (+ sum (vector-ref col j) (vector-ref inv-mix-matrix i j))))
(mod sum 256)))
col)))
cols)))
(define (shift-rows cols)
(let ((cols-len (vector-length cols)))
(map (lambda (col)
(vector-ref col (mod (+ 1 (vector-ref col (mod (- cols-len 1) 4))) cols-len)))
cols)))
(define (sub-byte byte)
(let ((s-box (aes-s-box)))
(vector-ref s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (inv-sub-byte byte)
(let ((inv-s-box (aes-inv-s-box)))
(vector-ref inv-s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (rounds key)
(let ((round-key (vector 0 0 0 0)))
(expand-key key round-key)
(for ((i 0) ( i 0) (set! i (- i 1)))
(inv-round key round-key))
round-key))
(define (encrypt-block block key)
(define (add round-key)
(xor block round-key))
(define (sub round-key)
(xor block round-key))
(define (mix round-key)
(define (mix-column col)
(let ((a (vector-ref col 0))
(b (vector-ref col 1))
(c (vector-ref col 2))
(d (vector-ref col 3)))
(vector (+ (logxor a b) (logxor c d))
(+ (logxor a c) (logxor b d))
(+ (logxor a d) (logxor b c))
(+ a b c d))))
(define (mix-columns cols)
(map mix-columns cols))
(define (inv-mix-columns cols)
(let ((inv-mix-matrix
(vector 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D 0x09
0x09 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D
0x0D 0x09 0x0E 0x0B
0x0B 0x0D 0x09 0x0E)))
(map (lambda (col)
(let ((col-len (vector-length col)))
(vector-map (lambda (i)
(let ((sum 0))
(for ((j 0) (< j col-len) (set! j (+ j 1)))
(set! sum (+ sum (vector-ref col j) (vector-ref inv-mix-matrix i j))))
(mod sum 256)))
col)))
cols)))
(define (shift-rows cols)
(let ((cols-len (vector-length cols)))
(map (lambda (col)
(vector-ref col (mod (+ 1 (vector-ref col (mod (- cols-len 1) 4))) cols-len)))
cols)))
(define (sub-byte byte)
(let ((s-box (aes-s-box)))
(vector-ref s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (inv-sub-byte byte)
(let ((inv-s-box (aes-inv-s-box)))
(vector-ref inv-s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (rounds key)
(let ((round-key (vector 0 0 0 0)))
(expand-key key round-key)
(for ((i 0) ( i 0) (set! i (- i 1)))
(inv-round key round-key))
round-key))
(define (encrypt-block block key)
(define (add round-key)
(xor block round-key))
(define (sub round-key)
(xor block round-key))
(define (mix round-key)
(define (mix-column col)
(let ((a (vector-ref col 0))
(b (vector-ref col 1))
(c (vector-ref col 2))
(d (vector-ref col 3)))
(vector (+ (logxor a b) (logxor c d))
(+ (logxor a c) (logxor b d))
(+ (logxor a d) (logxor b c))
(+ a b c d))))
(define (mix-columns cols)
(map mix-columns cols))
(define (inv-mix-columns cols)
(let ((inv-mix-matrix
(vector 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D 0x09
0x09 0x0E 0x0B 0x0D
0x0D 0x09 0x0E 0x0B
0x0B 0x0D 0x09 0x0E)))
(map (lambda (col)
(let ((col-len (vector-length col)))
(vector-map (lambda (i)
(let ((sum 0))
(for ((j 0) (< j col-len) (set! j (+ j 1)))
(set! sum (+ sum (vector-ref col j) (vector-ref inv-mix-matrix i j))))
(mod sum 256)))
col)))
cols)))
(define (shift-rows cols)
(let ((cols-len (vector-length cols)))
(map (lambda (col)
(vector-ref col (mod (+ 1 (vector-ref col (mod (- cols-len 1) 4))) cols-len)))
cols)))
(define (sub-byte byte)
(let ((s-box (aes-s-box)))
(vector-ref s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (inv-sub-byte byte)
(let ((inv-s-box (aes-inv-s-box)))
(vector-ref inv-s-box (vector-ref byte 0) (vector-ref byte 1))))
(define (rounds key)
(let ((round-key (vector 0 0 0 0)))
(expand-key key round-key)
(for ((i 0) (< i 10) (set! i (+ i 1)))
(round key round-key))
round-key))
(define (inv-rounds key)
(let ((round-key (vector 0 0 0 0)))
(expand-key key round-key)
(