SQLite 数据库 设备数据存储高并发阻塞

SQLite 数据库阿木 发布于 5 天前 4 次阅读


摘要:

随着物联网技术的快速发展,设备数据的存储需求日益增长。SQLite作为一种轻量级的数据库,因其简单易用、跨平台等特点,被广泛应用于嵌入式系统和移动应用中。在高并发环境下,SQLite数据库的存储性能可能会成为瓶颈。本文将围绕SQLite数据库在高并发环境下的设备数据存储问题,探讨优化策略与实现方法。

一、

SQLite作为一种嵌入式数据库,具有以下特点:

1. 轻量级:SQLite无需单独的服务器进程,可以直接嵌入到应用程序中。

2. 跨平台:支持多种操作系统,如Windows、Linux、macOS等。

3. 简单易用:使用SQL语言进行数据操作,易于学习和使用。

4. 高效:在单线程环境下表现良好。

在高并发环境下,SQLite数据库的存储性能可能会受到影响,导致数据存储阻塞。本文将针对这一问题,提出优化策略与实现方法。

二、高并发环境下SQLite数据存储问题分析

1. 写入阻塞:在高并发环境下,多个线程或进程同时写入数据时,SQLite数据库可能会出现写入阻塞现象,导致性能下降。

2. 读取阻塞:当多个线程或进程同时读取数据时,SQLite数据库可能会出现读取阻塞现象,影响数据查询效率。

3. 数据一致性问题:在高并发环境下,数据的一致性难以保证,可能会出现数据冲突或丢失。

三、优化策略

1. 使用多线程/多进程:通过使用多线程或多进程技术,将数据库操作分散到多个线程或进程中,减少单个线程或进程的负载。

2. 使用读写分离:将数据库操作分为读操作和写操作,分别由不同的线程或进程处理,减少写操作的阻塞。

3. 使用缓存机制:通过缓存机制,减少对数据库的直接访问,提高数据读取效率。

4. 使用事务隔离级别:合理设置事务隔离级别,减少数据冲突和阻塞。

5. 使用数据库连接池:通过数据库连接池,复用数据库连接,减少连接创建和销毁的开销。

四、实现方法

1. 使用多线程/多进程

以下是一个使用Python的`threading`模块实现多线程写入SQLite数据库的示例代码:

python

import sqlite3


import threading

def write_data(db_path, data):


conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)


cursor = conn.cursor()


cursor.execute("INSERT INTO devices (name, status) VALUES (?, ?)", data)


conn.commit()


cursor.close()


conn.close()

db_path = 'devices.db'


data = [('Device1', 'active'), ('Device2', 'inactive')]

threads = []


for i in range(10): 创建10个线程


thread = threading.Thread(target=write_data, args=(db_path, data))


threads.append(thread)


thread.start()

for thread in threads:


thread.join()


2. 使用读写分离

以下是一个使用Python的`queue`模块实现读写分离的示例代码:

python

import sqlite3


import queue

db_path = 'devices.db'


read_queue = queue.Queue()


write_queue = queue.Queue()

def read_data():


conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)


cursor = conn.cursor()


cursor.execute("SELECT FROM devices")


rows = cursor.fetchall()


cursor.close()


conn.close()


read_queue.put(rows)

def write_data(data):


conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)


cursor = conn.cursor()


cursor.execute("INSERT INTO devices (name, status) VALUES (?, ?)", data)


conn.commit()


cursor.close()


conn.close()

模拟读取操作


read_thread = threading.Thread(target=read_data)


read_thread.start()

模拟写入操作


write_thread = threading.Thread(target=write_data, args=[('Device3', 'active')])


write_thread.start()

等待线程执行完毕


read_thread.join()


write_thread.join()


3. 使用缓存机制

以下是一个使用Python的`functools`模块实现缓存机制的示例代码:

python

import sqlite3


from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=128)


def get_device_status(device_name):


conn = sqlite3.connect('devices.db')


cursor = conn.cursor()


cursor.execute("SELECT status FROM devices WHERE name=?", (device_name,))


status = cursor.fetchone()


cursor.close()


conn.close()


return status

使用缓存获取设备状态


device_status = get_device_status('Device1')


4. 使用事务隔离级别

以下是一个设置SQLite事务隔离级别的示例代码:

```python

import sqlite3

def set_transaction_isolation_level(db_path, level):

conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)

cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA locking_mode = EXCLUSIVE")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA read_uncommitted = OFF")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA write_ahead_logging = ON")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA temp_store = MEMORY")

cursor.execute("PRAGMA cache_size = 10000")

cursor.execute(