摘要:双向链表是一种常见的线性数据结构,它由一系列节点组成,每个节点包含数据域和两个指针域,分别指向前一个节点和后一个节点。本文将围绕双向链表的数据结构与算法,特别是边界操作,进行深入解析,并通过代码实现来展示双向链表的基本操作。
一、双向链表概述
1. 定义
双向链表是一种链式存储结构,每个节点包含数据域和两个指针域,分别指向前一个节点和后一个节点。双向链表既可以向前遍历,也可以向后遍历,这使得它在某些场景下比单向链表更灵活。
2. 特点
(1)插入和删除操作方便,只需修改前后节点的指针即可。
(2)可以方便地进行双向遍历。
(3)空间复杂度较高,每个节点需要额外的指针域。
二、双向链表的基本操作
1. 创建双向链表
python
class Node:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.prev = None
self.next = None
class DoublyLinkedList:
def __init__(self):
self.head = None
self.tail = None
def append(self, data):
new_node = Node(data)
if self.head is None:
self.head = new_node
self.tail = new_node
else:
self.tail.next = new_node
new_node.prev = self.tail
self.tail = new_node
def display(self):
current = self.head
while current:
print(current.data, end=' ')
current = current.next
print()
2. 插入节点
python
def insert(self, data, position):
new_node = Node(data)
if position == 0:
new_node.next = self.head
if self.head:
self.head.prev = new_node
self.head = new_node
if self.tail is None:
self.tail = new_node
elif position == -1:
self.append(data)
else:
current = self.head
for _ in range(position - 1):
if current is None:
raise IndexError("Position out of range")
current = current.next
new_node.next = current.next
new_node.prev = current
if current.next:
current.next.prev = new_node
current.next = new_node
if new_node.next is None:
self.tail = new_node
3. 删除节点
python
def delete(self, position):
if self.head is None:
raise Exception("List is empty")
if position == 0:
self.head = self.head.next
if self.head:
self.head.prev = None
else:
self.tail = None
elif position == -1:
self.tail = self.tail.prev
self.tail.next = None
else:
current = self.head
for _ in range(position):
if current is None:
raise IndexError("Position out of range")
current = current.next
if current.next:
current.next.prev = current.prev
current.prev.next = current.next
if current == self.tail:
self.tail = current.prev
4. 遍历双向链表
python
def forward_traverse(self):
current = self.head
while current:
print(current.data, end=' ')
current = current.next
print()
def backward_traverse(self):
current = self.tail
while current:
print(current.data, end=' ')
current = current.prev
print()
三、双向链表边界操作
1. 边界插入
python
def insert_at_head(self, data):
new_node = Node(data)
new_node.next = self.head
if self.head:
self.head.prev = new_node
self.head = new_node
if self.tail is None:
self.tail = new_node
def insert_at_tail(self, data):
new_node = Node(data)
new_node.prev = self.tail
if self.tail:
self.tail.next = new_node
self.tail = new_node
if self.head is None:
self.head = new_node
2. 边界删除
python
def delete_at_head(self):
if self.head is None:
raise Exception("List is empty")
self.head = self.head.next
if self.head:
self.head.prev = None
else:
self.tail = None
def delete_at_tail(self):
if self.tail is None:
raise Exception("List is empty")
self.tail = self.tail.prev
self.tail.next = None
if self.tail is None:
self.head = None
四、总结
本文详细介绍了双向链表的数据结构与算法,特别是边界操作。通过代码实现,展示了双向链表的基本操作,包括创建、插入、删除和遍历。在实际应用中,双向链表在需要双向遍历的场景下具有很大的优势。希望本文能帮助读者更好地理解双向链表及其边界操作。
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