Geodjango 数据库 DEM 数据处理坡度分析技巧

Geodjango 数据库阿木 发布于 15 天前 5 次阅读


使用Geodjango进行DEM数据处理与坡度分析技巧

数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)是地理信息系统(GIS)中常用的一种数据类型,它以数字形式表示地球表面的高程信息。DEM数据在许多领域都有广泛的应用,如地形分析、洪水模拟、土地规划等。在Geodjango中,我们可以利用其强大的GIS功能对DEM数据进行处理和分析。本文将围绕DEM数据处理和坡度分析这一主题,介绍使用Geodjango进行相关操作的技术和技巧。

准备工作

在开始之前,请确保您已经安装了以下软件和库:

- Python 3.x

- Django 2.x

- Geodjango 3.x

- GDAL 3.x

- NumPy 1.x

- Pandas 1.x

安装步骤如下:

bash

pip install django geodjango gdal numpy pandas


创建Geodjango项目

创建一个新的Django项目,并启用Geodjango。

bash

django-admin startproject dem_analysis


cd dem_analysis


django-admin startapp dem_app


在`dem_analysis/settings.py`文件中,添加以下配置:

python

INSTALLED_APPS = [


...


'django.contrib.gis',


'dem_app',


]


创建DEM数据模型

在`dem_app/models.py`中,定义一个DEM数据模型:

python

from django.contrib.gis.db import models

class DEM(models.Model):


file = models.FileField(upload_to='dem_files/')


name = models.CharField(max_length=100)


created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

def __str__(self):


return self.name


上传DEM文件

在`dem_app/views.py`中,创建一个视图来处理DEM文件的上传:

python

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect


from .models import DEM


from .forms import DEMForm

def upload_dem(request):


if request.method == 'POST':


form = DEMForm(request.POST, request.FILES)


if form.is_valid():


form.save()


return redirect('dem_list')


else:


form = DEMForm()


return render(request, 'dem_app/upload_dem.html', {'form': form})


创建一个表单`dem_app/forms.py`:

python

from django import forms


from .models import DEM

class DEMForm(forms.ModelForm):


class Meta:


model = DEM


fields = ['name', 'file']


创建一个HTML模板`dem_app/templates/dem_app/upload_dem.html`:

html

<!DOCTYPE html>


<html>


<head>


<title>Upload DEM</title>


</head>


<body>


<h1>Upload DEM</h1>


<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">


{% csrf_token %}


{{ form.as_p }}


<button type="submit">Upload</button>


</form>


</body>


</html>


DEM数据处理

在`dem_app/views.py`中,添加一个处理DEM数据处理的视图:

python

from django.shortcuts import render


from .models import DEM


from .tasks import process_dem

def process_dem_data(request, dem_id):


dem = DEM.objects.get(id=dem_id)


process_dem.delay(dem.file.path)


return redirect('dem_list')


创建一个异步任务`dem_app/tasks.py`:

python

from celery import shared_task


from django.contrib.gis.geos import Polygon


from rasterio import open as raster_open


import numpy as np

@shared_task


def process_dem(dem_path):


with raster_open(dem_path) as src:


data = src.read(1)


data = data[data != src.nodata] Remove nodata values


data = data[data > 0] Remove negative values


data = data[data < 10000] Remove unrealistic values

Calculate slope


slope = np.gradient(data, axis=0)


slope = np.sqrt(slope2 + slope[:, ::-1]2)

Create a polygon for visualization


bounds = src.bounds


polygon = Polygon([(bounds.left, bounds.bottom), (bounds.right, bounds.bottom),


(bounds.right, bounds.top), (bounds.left, bounds.top), (bounds.left, bounds.bottom)])

Save the processed data and polygon


(Here you can save the processed data and polygon to a file or database)


坡度分析

在`dem_app/views.py`中,添加一个坡度分析的视图:

python

from django.shortcuts import render


from .models import DEM


from .tasks import process_slope

def analyze_slope(request, dem_id):


dem = DEM.objects.get(id=dem_id)


process_slope.delay(dem.file.path)


return redirect('dem_list')


创建一个异步任务`dem_app/tasks.py`:

python

from celery import shared_task


from django.contrib.gis.geos import Polygon


from rasterio import open as raster_open


import numpy as np

@shared_task


def process_slope(dem_path):


with raster_open(dem_path) as src:


data = src.read(1)


data = data[data != src.nodata] Remove nodata values


data = data[data > 0] Remove negative values


data = data[data < 10000] Remove unrealistic values

Calculate slope


slope = np.gradient(data, axis=0)


slope = np.sqrt(slope2 + slope[:, ::-1]2)

Create a polygon for visualization


bounds = src.bounds


polygon = Polygon([(bounds.left, bounds.bottom), (bounds.right, bounds.bottom),


(bounds.right, bounds.top), (bounds.left, bounds.top), (bounds.left, bounds.bottom)])

Save the processed data and polygon


(Here you can save the processed data and polygon to a file or database)


总结

本文介绍了使用Geodjango进行DEM数据处理和坡度分析的技术和技巧。通过创建DEM数据模型、处理DEM文件、计算坡度以及创建异步任务,我们可以有效地对DEM数据进行处理和分析。在实际应用中,您可以根据需求对代码进行修改和扩展,以满足不同的需求。

注意:本文中的代码仅供参考,实际应用中可能需要根据具体情况进行调整。