PureScript 2048 游戏实现：数字合并、动画效果与本地排名
2048 是一款简单的数字合并游戏，玩家通过滑动屏幕来合并相邻的数字，目标是创建一个 2048 的方块。PureScript 是一种函数式编程语言，以其简洁和高效著称。我们将使用 PureScript 来实现一个具有数字合并、动画效果和本地排名的 2048 游戏。
技术栈
- PureScript
- Purescript-react
- Purescript-eff
- Purescript-arrays
- Purescript-dom
游戏设计
2048 游戏的核心是一个 4x4 的网格，每个格子可以放置一个数字（2 或 4）。玩家可以通过上、下、左、右四个方向滑动来移动数字。当两个相同的数字相遇时，它们会合并成一个更大的数字。游戏的目标是创建一个 2048 的方块。
实现步骤
1. 初始化游戏状态
我们需要定义游戏的状态，包括网格、分数和最高分。
purescript
import Data.Array (Array, replicate, (!!), zipWith, map, foldl, foldr, (:))
import Data.Int (toNumber)
import Data.Maybe (Maybe, fromJust)
import Data.Tuple (Tuple, fst, snd)
type Grid = Array (Array Int)
type State = { grid :: Grid, score :: Int, highScore :: Int }
initialState :: State
initialState = { grid: replicate 4 (replicate 4 0), score: 0, highScore: 0 }
2. 生成随机数字
在游戏开始时，我们需要在网格中随机放置两个数字（2 或 4）。
purescript
randomInt :: Int -> Int -> Int
randomInt min max = min + (toNumber (floor (random () (max - min + 1)))) :: Int
randomNumber :: Int -> Int
randomNumber size = randomInt 2 4
generateRandomNumber :: Grid -> State -> State
generateRandomNumber grid state =
let
emptyPositions = [ (i, j) | i <- [0..3], j <- [0..3], grid !! i !! j == 0 ]
randomPosition = emptyPositions !! (randomInt 0 (length emptyPositions - 1))
(i, j) = randomPosition
in
{ grid: grid !! i !~ grid !! i !! j + randomNumber size, ...state }
3. 移动数字
玩家可以通过滑动屏幕来移动数字。我们需要实现一个函数来处理这种移动。
purescript
moveRight :: Grid -> Grid
moveRight grid = foldr (row acc -> foldr ( acc' -> [n] acc') [0] row acc) grid
moveLeft :: Grid -> Grid
moveLeft grid = foldr (row acc -> foldr ( acc' -> acc' [n]) [0] row acc) grid
moveUp :: Grid -> Grid
moveUp grid = foldr (row acc -> foldr ( acc' -> acc' [n]) [0] row acc) grid
moveDown :: Grid -> Grid -> Grid
moveDown grid = foldr (row acc -> foldr ( acc' -> acc' [n]) [0] row acc) grid
4. 合并数字
当两个相同的数字相遇时，它们会合并成一个更大的数字。
purescript
merge :: Array Int -> Array Int
merge = foldr ( acc -> if acc == [] || n /= acc !! (length acc - 1) then n : acc else acc) []
mergeRow :: Array Int -> Array Int
mergeRow row = merge row
mergeGrid :: Grid -> Grid
mergeGrid grid = zipWith mergeRow grid
5. 检查游戏结束
当没有更多的数字可以合并时，游戏结束。
purescript
gameOver :: Grid -> Boolean
gameOver grid = not (foldr (row acc -> not (foldr ( acc' -> n /= 0 && acc') false row) acc) grid)
6. 游戏逻辑
现在我们可以将所有这些函数组合起来，创建一个游戏循环。
purescript
gameLoop :: State -> State
gameLoop state =
let
newGrid = mergeGrid state.grid
scoreChange = foldl (acc row -> acc + (foldl (acc' n -> if n /= 0 then acc' + 1 else acc') 0 row)) 0 newGrid
newScore = state.score + scoreChange
newHighScore = max newScore state.highScore
in
if gameOver newGrid then
{ grid: newGrid, score: newScore, highScore: newHighScore }
else
generateRandomNumber newGrid { state | score: newScore, highScore: newHighScore }
7. 渲染游戏
使用 Purescript-react 和 Purescript-eff 来渲染游戏界面。
```purescript
import React (createElement, ReactClass, ReactElement, ReactType, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, ReactType_, 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