Fortran 语言 软件架构设计模式

Fortran阿木 发布于 2025-06-20 5 次阅读


摘要:Fortran 语言作为一种历史悠久的编程语言,在科学计算和工程领域有着广泛的应用。随着软件架构设计模式在软件开发中的重要性日益凸显,本文将围绕Fortran 语言,探讨几种常见的软件架构设计模式,并通过实际代码示例进行分析和实现。

一、

软件架构设计模式是软件开发中的一种重要思想,它可以帮助开发者更好地组织代码、提高代码的可维护性和可扩展性。Fortran 语言作为一种高效的数值计算语言,在科学计算和工程领域有着广泛的应用。本文将结合Fortran 语言的特点,探讨几种常见的软件架构设计模式,并通过实际代码示例进行分析和实现。

二、软件架构设计模式概述

1. 单例模式(Singleton Pattern)

单例模式确保一个类只有一个实例,并提供一个全局访问点。在Fortran 中,可以通过模块和全局变量来实现单例模式。

2. 工厂模式(Factory Pattern)

工厂模式定义一个用于创建对象的接口,让子类决定实例化哪一个类。在Fortran 中,可以通过函数和子程序来实现工厂模式。

3. 适配器模式(Adapter Pattern)

适配器模式允许将一个类的接口转换成客户期望的另一个接口。在Fortran 中,可以通过子程序和函数来实现适配器模式。

4. 观察者模式(Observer Pattern)

观察者模式定义对象间的一对多依赖关系,当一个对象改变状态时,所有依赖于它的对象都会得到通知并自动更新。在Fortran 中,可以通过模块和子程序来实现观察者模式。

三、Fortran 语言软件架构设计模式实现

1. 单例模式实现

fortran

module Singleton


private


type, public :: instance


integer :: value


end type instance


type(instance), public, save :: singleton_instance


end module Singleton

subroutine getInstance()


use Singleton


implicit none


if (.not. associated(singleton_instance)) then


allocate(singleton_instance)


singleton_instance%value = 0


endif


end subroutine getInstance

subroutine setValue(value)


use Singleton


implicit none


integer, intent(in) :: value


singleton_instance%value = value


end subroutine setValue

function getValue() result(value)


use Singleton


implicit none


integer :: value


value = singleton_instance%value


end function getValue


2. 工厂模式实现

fortran

module Factory


implicit none


type, abstract, public :: Product


contains


procedure, pass(self), public :: useProduct


end type Product


type, extends(Product), public :: ConcreteProductA


contains


procedure, pass(self), public :: useProduct


end type ConcreteProductA


type, extends(Product), public :: ConcreteProductB


contains


procedure, pass(self), public :: useProduct


end type ConcreteProductB


type(Product), pointer :: product => null()


contains


subroutine createProductA()


implicit none


allocate(ConcreteProductA :: product)


end subroutine createProductA

subroutine createProductB()


implicit none


allocate(ConcreteProductB :: product)


end subroutine createProductB

subroutine useProduct(self)


class(Product), intent(inout) :: self


print , 'Using product'


end subroutine useProduct


end module Factory

program main


use Factory


implicit none


call createProductA()


call product%useProduct()


call createProductB()


call product%useProduct()


end program main


3. 适配器模式实现

fortran

module Adapter


implicit none


type, public :: Target


integer :: value


contains


procedure, pass(self), public :: setValue


procedure, pass(self), public :: getValue


end type Target


type, public :: Adaptee


integer :: value


contains


procedure, pass(self), public :: setValue


procedure, pass(self), public :: getValue


end type Adaptee


type(Target), public :: adapter


contains


subroutine setValue(self, value)


class(Target), intent(inout) :: self


integer, intent(in) :: value


self%value = value


end subroutine setValue

function getValue(self) result(value)


class(Target), intent(in) :: self


integer :: value


value = self%value


end function getValue

subroutine adapt(self, adaptee)


class(Adaptee), intent(in) :: adaptee


class(Target), intent(inout) :: self


self%value = adaptee%value


end subroutine adapt


end module Adapter

program main


use Adapter


implicit none


type(Adaptee) :: adaptee


type(Target) :: target


adaptee%value = 10


call target%adapt(adaptee)


print , 'Target value: ', target%getValue()


end program main


4. 观察者模式实现

fortran

module Observer


implicit none


type, abstract, public :: Observer


contains


procedure, pass(self), public :: update


end type Observer


type, extends(Observer), public :: ConcreteObserverA


contains


procedure, pass(self), public :: update


end type ConcreteObserverA


type, extends(Observer), public :: ConcreteObserverB


contains


procedure, pass(self), public :: update


end type ConcreteObserverB


type, public :: Subject


type(Observer), allocatable :: observers


integer :: value


contains


procedure, pass(self), public :: attach


procedure, pass(self), public :: detach


procedure, pass(self), public :: notify


procedure, pass(self), public :: setValue


end type Subject


contains


subroutine update(self)


class(Observer), intent(inout) :: self


print , 'Observer updated with value: ', self%value


end subroutine update

subroutine attach(self, observer)


class(Subject), intent(inout) :: self


class(Observer), intent(in) :: observer


allocate(self%observers(self%observers%n + 1))


self%observers(self%observers%n) = observer


self%observers%n = self%observers%n + 1


end subroutine attach

subroutine detach(self, observer)


class(Subject), intent(inout) :: self


class(Observer), intent(in) :: observer


integer :: i


do i = 1, self%observers%n


if (associated(self%observers(i), observer)) then


deallocate(self%observers(i))


self%observers(i) = self%observers(self%observers%n)


self%observers%n = self%observers%n - 1


exit


endif


enddo


end subroutine detach

subroutine notify(self)


class(Subject), intent(inout) :: self


integer :: i


do i = 1, self%observers%n


call self%observers(i)%update()


enddo


end subroutine notify

subroutine setValue(self, value)


class(Subject), intent(inout) :: self


integer, intent(in) :: value


self%value = value


call self%notify()


end subroutine setValue


end module Observer

program main


use Observer


implicit none


type(Subject) :: subject


type(ConcreteObserverA) :: observerA


type(ConcreteObserverB) :: observerB


call subject%attach(observerA)


call subject%attach(observerB)


call subject%setValue(5)


call subject%detach(observerA)


call subject%setValue(10)


end program main


四、总结

本文围绕Fortran 语言,探讨了单例模式、工厂模式、适配器模式和观察者模式等常见的软件架构设计模式,并通过实际代码示例进行了实现。这些设计模式在Fortran 语言中同样适用,可以帮助开发者更好地组织代码、提高代码的可维护性和可扩展性。在实际项目中,开发者可以根据具体需求选择合适的设计模式,以提高软件质量。