COBOL 语言 收费管理系统开发实战

COBOL阿木 发布于 2 天前 3 次阅读

COBOL 语言在收费管理系统开发实战中的应用

COBOL（Common Business-Oriented Language）是一种历史悠久的高级程序设计语言，自1959年诞生以来，一直被广泛应用于商业、金融和政府部门的信息系统中。尽管在互联网和移动应用盛行的今天，COBOL 的使用似乎不再那么流行，但它在许多关键业务系统中仍然扮演着重要角色。本文将围绕COBOL语言在收费管理系统开发实战中的应用进行探讨，旨在帮助读者了解COBOL在现代信息系统开发中的价值。

一、COBOL语言的特点

1. 面向业务处理：COBOL语言的设计初衷是为了处理商业和行政事务，因此它非常适合用于开发收费管理系统。

2. 易于理解：COBOL的语法结构简单，易于学习和使用，这使得开发人员可以快速上手。

3. 良好的数据管理能力：COBOL提供了强大的数据管理功能，如文件处理、数据库访问等，这对于收费管理系统来说至关重要。

4. 良好的兼容性：COBOL程序可以在多种操作系统和硬件平台上运行，这为系统的长期维护提供了便利。

二、收费管理系统概述

收费管理系统是一种用于管理收费业务的信息系统，它通常包括以下功能：

1. 用户管理：包括用户注册、登录、权限管理等。

2. 收费项目管理：包括收费项目的添加、修改、删除等。

3. 收费记录管理：包括收费记录的录入、查询、统计等。

4. 报表生成：生成各种收费报表，如收费明细表、收费汇总表等。

5. 系统设置：包括系统参数设置、收费规则设置等。

三、COBOL在收费管理系统开发中的应用

1. 用户管理模块

以下是一个简单的COBOL程序示例，用于处理用户注册功能：

cobol
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. USER-REGISTRATION.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT USER-FILE ASSIGN TO "USER.DAT".

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD USER-FILE.
01 USER-RECORD.
05 USER-ID PIC X(10).
05 USER-PASSWORD PIC X(20).
05 USER-NAME PIC X(50).

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-USER-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-USER-PASSWORD PIC X(20).
01 WS-USER-NAME PIC X(50).
01 WS-FILE-STATUS PIC X(10).

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM INITIALIZE-USER-FILE
PERFORM READ-USER-FILE
PERFORM WRITE-USER-FILE
STOP RUN.

INITIALIZE-USER-FILE.
OPEN OUTPUT USER-FILE
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

READ-USER-FILE.
READ USER-FILE INTO USER-RECORD
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

WRITE-USER-FILE.
MOVE WS-USER-ID TO USER-ID
MOVE WS-USER-PASSWORD TO USER-PASSWORD
MOVE WS-USER-NAME TO USER-NAME
WRITE USER-RECORD
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

HANDLE-ERROR.
CLOSE USER-FILE
DISPLAY "Error occurred: " WS-FILE-STATUS
STOP RUN.

2. 收费项目管理模块

以下是一个COBOL程序示例，用于处理收费项目的添加功能：

cobol
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. CHARGE-ITEM-ADD.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT CHARGE-ITEM-FILE ASSIGN TO "CHARGEITEM.DAT".

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD CHARGE-ITEM-FILE.
01 CHARGE-ITEM-RECORD.
05 ITEM-ID PIC X(10).
05 ITEM-NAME PIC X(50).
05 ITEM-PRICE PIC 9(5).99.

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-ITEM-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-ITEM-NAME PIC X(50).
01 WS-ITEM-PRICE PIC 9(5).99.
01 WS-FILE-STATUS PIC X(10).

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM INITIALIZE-CHARGE-ITEM-FILE
PERFORM READ-CHARGE-ITEM-FILE
PERFORM WRITE-CHARGE-ITEM-FILE
STOP RUN.

INITIALIZE-CHARGE-ITEM-FILE.
OPEN OUTPUT CHARGE-ITEM-FILE
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

READ-CHARGE-ITEM-FILE.
READ CHARGE-ITEM-FILE INTO CHARGE-ITEM-RECORD
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

WRITE-CHARGE-ITEM-FILE.
MOVE WS-ITEM-ID TO ITEM-ID
MOVE WS-ITEM-NAME TO ITEM-NAME
MOVE WS-ITEM-PRICE TO ITEM-PRICE
WRITE CHARGE-ITEM-RECORD
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

HANDLE-ERROR.
CLOSE CHARGE-ITEM-FILE
DISPLAY "Error occurred: " WS-FILE-STATUS
STOP RUN.

3. 收费记录管理模块

以下是一个COBOL程序示例，用于处理收费记录的录入功能：

cobol
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. CHARGE-RECORD-ENTRY.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT CHARGE-RECORD-FILE ASSIGN TO "CHARGERECORD.DAT".

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD CHARGE-RECORD-FILE.
01 CHARGE-RECORD-RECORD.
05 RECORD-ID PIC X(10).
05 USER-ID PIC X(10).
05 ITEM-ID PIC X(10).
05 AMOUNT PIC 9(5).99.
05 DATE-TIME PIC X(19).

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-RECORD-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-USER-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-ITEM-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-AMOUNT PIC 9(5).99.
01 WS-DATE-TIME PIC X(19).
01 WS-FILE-STATUS PIC X(10).

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM INITIALIZE-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE
PERFORM READ-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE
PERFORM WRITE-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE
STOP RUN.

INITIALIZE-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE.
OPEN OUTPUT CHARGE-RECORD-FILE
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

READ-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE.
READ CHARGE-RECORD-FILE INTO CHARGE-RECORD-RECORD
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

WRITE-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE.
MOVE WS-RECORD-ID TO RECORD-ID
MOVE WS-USER-ID TO USER-ID
MOVE WS-ITEM-ID TO ITEM-ID
MOVE WS-AMOUNT TO AMOUNT
MOVE WS-DATE-TIME TO DATE-TIME
WRITE CHARGE-RECORD-RECORD
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

HANDLE-ERROR.
CLOSE CHARGE-RECORD-FILE
DISPLAY "Error occurred: " WS-FILE-STATUS
STOP RUN.

4. 报表生成模块

以下是一个COBOL程序示例，用于生成收费汇总报表：

cobol
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. CHARGE-SUMMARY-REPORT.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT CHARGE-RECORD-FILE ASSIGN TO "CHARGERECORD.DAT".
SELECT PRINT-FILE ASSIGN TO "CHARGE-SUMMARY.REP".

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD CHARGE-RECORD-FILE.
01 CHARGE-RECORD-RECORD.
05 RECORD-ID PIC X(10).
05 USER-ID PIC X(10).
05 ITEM-ID PIC X(10).
05 AMOUNT PIC 9(5).99.
05 DATE-TIME PIC X(19).

FD PRINT-FILE.
01 PRINT-RECORD.
05 FILLER PIC X(10).
05 USER-NAME PIC X(50).
05 ITEM-NAME PIC X(50).
05 AMOUNT PIC 9(5).99.
05 DATE-TIME PIC X(19).

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-USER-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-ITEM-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-AMOUNT PIC 9(5).99.
01 WS-DATE-TIME PIC X(19).
01 WS-FILE-STATUS PIC X(10).

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM INITIALIZE-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE
PERFORM READ-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE
PERFORM WRITE-PRINT-FILE
STOP RUN.

INITIALIZE-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE.
OPEN INPUT CHARGE-RECORD-FILE
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

READ-CHARGE-RECORD-FILE.
READ CHARGE-RECORD-FILE INTO CHARGE-RECORD-RECORD
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

WRITE-PRINT-FILE.
PERFORM GET-USER-NAME
PERFORM GET-ITEM-NAME
WRITE PRINT-RECORD
IF WS-FILE-STATUS NOT = "0"
PERFORM HANDLE-ERROR
END-IF.

GET-USER-NAME.
-- Assume a subroutine to get user name based on USER-ID
-- ...

GET-ITEM-NAME.
-- Assume a subroutine to get item name based on ITEM-ID
-- ...

HANDLE-ERROR.
CLOSE CHARGE-RECORD-FILE
DISPLAY "Error occurred: " WS-FILE-STATUS
STOP RUN.

四、总结

COBOL语言在收费管理系统开发中具有独特的优势，它能够处理大量的数据，并且具有良好的稳定性和兼容性。通过上述示例，我们可以看到COBOL在用户管理、收费项目管理、收费记录管理和报表生成等模块中的应用。尽管现代编程语言层出不穷，但COBOL在许多关键业务系统中仍然发挥着不可替代的作用。了解COBOL在收费管理系统开发中的应用，有助于我们更好地理解信息系统的历史和现状，以及如何利用COBOL解决实际问题。