COBOL 语言 公共事业计费系统实战

COBOL阿木 发布于 2025-06-15 17 次阅读

COBOL 语言公共事业计费系统实战

COBOL（Common Business-Oriented Language）是一种历史悠久的高级编程语言，自1959年诞生以来，一直被广泛应用于商业、金融和政府部门的业务系统中。尽管在当今的软件开发领域，COBOL 的使用已经不如Java、Python等现代编程语言那么普遍，但它在某些特定领域，如公共事业计费系统，仍然扮演着重要角色。本文将围绕COBOL语言，实战开发一个公共事业计费系统。

系统需求分析

在开始编写代码之前，我们需要对公共事业计费系统的需求进行分析。以下是一个简化版的系统需求：

1. 用户管理：系统应支持用户注册、登录、修改个人信息等功能。
2. 计费管理：系统应能够根据用户的用水、用电量计算费用，并生成账单。
3. 账单查询：用户可以查询自己的历史账单。
4. 数据统计：系统管理员可以查看所有用户的计费数据，进行数据统计和分析。

系统设计

根据需求分析，我们可以将系统分为以下几个模块：

1. 用户模块：处理用户注册、登录、修改个人信息等。
2. 计费模块：根据用水、用电量计算费用。
3. 账单模块：生成和查询账单。
4. 数据统计模块：统计和分析用户计费数据。

COBOL 语言基础

在开始编写代码之前，我们需要了解一些COBOL语言的基础知识。COBOL语言的特点是语法简单、易于理解，适合处理商业逻辑。以下是一些COBOL语言的基本概念：

- 数据项：COBOL中的数据项类似于其他编程语言中的变量。
- 工作区：COBOL中的工作区用于存储数据项。
- 程序段：COBOL程序由多个程序段组成，每个程序段执行特定的功能。

实战开发

用户模块

以下是一个简单的用户注册程序示例：

cobol
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. USER-REGISTRATION.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT USER-FILE ASSIGN TO "USER.DAT".

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD USER-FILE.
01 USER-RECORD.
05 USER-ID PIC X(10).
05 USER-PASSWORD PIC X(20).

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-USER-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-USER-PASSWORD PIC X(20).

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM GET-USER-INPUT.
PERFORM WRITE-USER-FILE.
STOP RUN.

GET-USER-INPUT.
DISPLAY "Enter User ID: ".
ACCEPT WS-USER-ID.
DISPLAY "Enter Password: ".
ACCEPT WS-USER-PASSWORD.

WRITE-USER-FILE.
OPEN OUTPUT USER-FILE.
MOVE WS-USER-ID TO USER-ID.
MOVE WS-USER-PASSWORD TO USER-PASSWORD.
WRITE USER-RECORD.
CLOSE USER-FILE.

计费模块

以下是一个简单的计费程序示例：

cobol
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. BILLING.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT USER-FILE ASSIGN TO "USER.DAT".
SELECT BILL-FILE ASSIGN TO "BILL.DAT".

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD USER-FILE.
01 USER-RECORD.
05 USER-ID PIC X(10).
05 USER-PASSWORD PIC X(20).

FD BILL-FILE.
01 BILL-RECORD.
05 USER-ID PIC X(10).
05 MONTH PIC 9(2).
05 YEAR PIC 9(4).
05 WATER-USE PIC 9(5).
05 ELECTRICITY-USE PIC 9(5).
05 TOTAL-BILL PIC 9(7).2.

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-USER-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-MONTH PIC 9(2).
01 WS-YEAR PIC 9(4).
01 WS-WATER-USE PIC 9(5).
01 WS-ELECTRICITY-USE PIC 9(5).
01 WS-TOTAL-BILL PIC 9(7).2.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM GET-BILL-INPUT.
PERFORM CALCULATE-BILL.
PERFORM WRITE-BILL-FILE.
STOP RUN.

GET-BILL-INPUT.
DISPLAY "Enter User ID: ".
ACCEPT WS-USER-ID.
DISPLAY "Enter Month: ".
ACCEPT WS-MONTH.
DISPLAY "Enter Year: ".
ACCEPT WS-YEAR.
DISPLAY "Enter Water Use: ".
ACCEPT WS-WATER-USE.
DISPLAY "Enter Electricity Use: ".
ACCEPT WS-ELECTRICITY-USE.

CALCULATE-BILL.
COMPUTE WS-TOTAL-BILL = WS-WATER-USE 2 + WS-ELECTRICITY-USE 3.

WRITE-BILL-FILE.
OPEN OUTPUT BILL-FILE.
MOVE WS-USER-ID TO USER-ID.
MOVE WS-MONTH TO MONTH.
MOVE WS-YEAR TO YEAR.
MOVE WS-WATER-USE TO WATER-USE.
MOVE WS-ELECTRICITY-USE TO ELECTRICITY-USE.
MOVE WS-TOTAL-BILL TO TOTAL-BILL.
WRITE BILL-RECORD.
CLOSE BILL-FILE.

账单模块

以下是一个简单的账单查询程序示例：

cobol
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. BILL-QUERY.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT BILL-FILE ASSIGN TO "BILL.DAT".

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD BILL-FILE.
01 BILL-RECORD.
05 USER-ID PIC X(10).
05 MONTH PIC 9(2).
05 YEAR PIC 9(4).
05 WATER-USE PIC 9(5).
05 ELECTRICITY-USE PIC 9(5).
05 TOTAL-BILL PIC 9(7).2.

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-USER-ID PIC X(10).
01 WS-BILL-RECORD BILL-RECORD.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM GET-USER-ID.
PERFORM READ-BILL-FILE.
PERFORM DISPLAY-BILL-INFO.
STOP RUN.

GET-USER-ID.
DISPLAY "Enter User ID: ".
ACCEPT WS-USER-ID.

READ-BILL-FILE.
OPEN INPUT BILL-FILE.
READ BILL-FILE INTO WS-BILL-RECORD UNTIL USER-ID NOT = WS-USER-ID.
CLOSE BILL-FILE.

DISPLAY-BILL-INFO.
IF USER-ID = WS-USER-ID
DISPLAY "User ID: ", USER-ID.
DISPLAY "Month: ", MONTH.
DISPLAY "Year: ", YEAR.
DISPLAY "Water Use: ", WATER-USE.
DISPLAY "Electricity Use: ", ELECTRICITY-USE.
DISPLAY "Total Bill: ", TOTAL-BILL.
ELSE
DISPLAY "No bill found for the given User ID."

数据统计模块

以下是一个简单的数据统计程序示例：

cobol
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. DATA-STATISTICS.

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
SELECT BILL-FILE ASSIGN TO "BILL.DAT".

DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD BILL-FILE.
01 BILL-RECORD.
05 USER-ID PIC X(10).
05 MONTH PIC 9(2).
05 YEAR PIC 9(4).
05 WATER-USE PIC 9(5).
05 ELECTRICITY-USE PIC 9(5).
05 TOTAL-BILL PIC 9(7).2.

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-TOTAL-WATER-USE PIC 9(7).
01 WS-TOTAL-ELECTRICITY-USE PIC 9(7).
01 WS-TOTAL-BILL PIC 9(9).2.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
PERFORM READ-BILL-FILE.
PERFORM CALCULATE-TOTALS.
PERFORM DISPLAY-TOTALS.
STOP RUN.

READ-BILL-FILE.
OPEN INPUT BILL-FILE.
READ BILL-FILE UNTIL END-OF-FILE.
CLOSE BILL-FILE.

CALCULATE-TOTALS.
ADD WATER-USE TO WS-TOTAL-WATER-USE.
ADD ELECTRICITY-USE TO WS-TOTAL-ELECTRICITY-USE.
ADD TOTAL-BILL TO WS-TOTAL-BILL.

DISPLAY-TOTALS.
DISPLAY "Total Water Use: ", WS-TOTAL-WATER-USE.
DISPLAY "Total Electricity Use: ", WS-TOTAL-ELECTRICITY-USE.
DISPLAY "Total Bill: ", WS-TOTAL-BILL.

总结

本文通过COBOL语言实战开发了一个公共事业计费系统，涵盖了用户管理、计费管理、账单查询和数据统计等模块。虽然COBOL语言在当今的软件开发中不如其他语言流行，但它在某些特定领域仍然具有不可替代的优势。通过本文的实战案例，读者可以了解到COBOL语言的基本用法和开发流程。