C++ 语言 序列化和反序列化技术有哪些

阿木博主一句话概括：C++ 语言中的序列化和反序列化技术详解

阿木博主为你简单介绍：序列化和反序列化是数据在不同形式之间转换的重要技术，在C++编程中应用广泛。本文将围绕C++语言的序列化和反序列化技术，介绍几种常见的序列化库，并详细讲解其使用方法。

一、

序列化是将数据结构或对象状态转换成字节序列的过程，以便于存储或传输。反序列化则是将字节序列转换回数据结构或对象状态的过程。在C++中，序列化和反序列化技术对于实现数据的持久化、网络通信等场景至关重要。

二、C++序列化库介绍

1. Boost.Serialization

Boost.Serialization是Boost库中的一个组件，它提供了序列化和反序列化的功能。Boost.Serialization支持多种数据类型的序列化，包括基本数据类型、自定义类型等。

2. cereal

cereal是一个轻量级的C++11序列化库，它支持多种数据类型的序列化，包括容器、自定义类型等。cereal具有高性能、易用性等特点。

3. Boost.Serialization与cereal对比

- 性能：cereal在性能上优于Boost.Serialization，尤其是在处理大量数据时。

- 易用性：Boost.Serialization提供了更多的序列化选项，但相对复杂。cereal则更加简洁易用。

- 支持类型：Boost.Serialization支持更多类型，包括C++11引入的类型。cereal则专注于C++11及以后版本。

三、Boost.Serialization使用示例

1. 安装Boost.Serialization

需要安装Boost库。可以使用以下命令安装：

bash
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev


2. 编写序列化和反序列化代码

以下是一个使用Boost.Serialization的示例：

cpp
include
include
include
include

struct Person {
std::string name;
int age;
};

int main() {
Person person1{"Alice", 30};
Person person2{"Bob", 25};

std::vector people;
people.push_back(person1);
people.push_back(person2);

// 序列化
std::ofstream out("people.txt");
boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(out);
oa << people;

// 反序列化
std::ifstream in("people.txt");
boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(in);
std::vector loaded_people;
ia >> loaded_people;

// 输出反序列化后的数据
for (const auto& p : loaded_people) {
std::cout << "Name: " << p.name << ", Age: " << p.age << std::endl;
}

return 0;
}


四、cereal使用示例

1. 编写序列化和反序列化代码

以下是一个使用cereal的示例：

```cpp
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include
include <