摘要：
随着互联网技术的发展，HTTP协议已成为现代网络通信的基础。在PHP开发中，正确处理HTTP请求和响应是构建高效、可维护的应用的关键。PSR-139标准为PHP HTTP消息工厂的实现提供了规范，本文将围绕这一主题，详细探讨如何在PHP中使用PSR-139标准实现HTTP消息工厂。
一、
PSR-139标准（PHP Standard Recommendation: HTTP Message Factory）是PHP社区为了统一HTTP消息处理而制定的一个规范。该规范定义了HTTP请求和响应的接口，使得开发者可以更容易地创建和操作HTTP消息。本文将基于PSR-139标准，使用PHP实现一个简单的HTTP消息工厂。
二、PSR-139标准概述
PSR-139标准定义了两个接口：`HttpFactoryInterface`和`MessageInterface`。
1. `HttpFactoryInterface`：定义了创建HTTP请求和响应的方法。
2. `MessageInterface`：定义了HTTP请求和响应的公共接口。
三、实现HTTP消息工厂
下面是一个简单的PHP实现，包括`HttpFactoryInterface`和`MessageInterface`的实现。
php
<?php
namespace HttpFactory;
use PsrHttpMessageRequestFactoryInterface;
use PsrHttpMessageRequestInterface;
use PsrHttpMessageResponseFactoryInterface;
use PsrHttpMessageResponseInterface;
class HttpFactory implements RequestFactoryInterface, ResponseFactoryInterface
{
public function createRequest(string $method, $uri): RequestInterface
{
return new Request($method, $uri);
}
public function createResponse(): ResponseInterface
{
return new Response();
}
}
class Request implements RequestInterface
{
private $method;
private $uri;
private $headers = [];
private $body;
public function __construct(string $method, $uri)
{
$this->method = $method;
$this->uri = $uri;
}
public function getMethod(): string
{
return $this->method;
}
public function getUri(): UriInterface
{
return new Uri($this->uri);
}
public function withMethod($method): RequestInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->method = $method;
return $new;
}
public function withUri($uri, $flags = UriInterface::RFC_3986): RequestInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->uri = $uri;
return $new;
}
public function getHeaders(): array
{
return $this->headers;
}
public function hasHeader(string $name): bool
{
return isset($this->headers[$name]);
}
public function getHeader(string $name): array
{
return $this->hasHeader($name) ? $this->headers[$name] : [];
}
public function withHeader(string $name, $value): RequestInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->headers[$name] = $value;
return $new;
}
public function withAddedHeader(string $name, $value): RequestInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->headers[$name] = $value;
return $new;
}
public function withoutHeader(string $name): RequestInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
unset($new->headers[$name]);
return $new;
}
public function getBody(): BodyInterface
{
return new Body($this->body);
}
public function withBody(BodyInterface $body): RequestInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->body = $body;
return $new;
}
}
class Response implements ResponseInterface
{
private $statusCode;
private $reasonPhrase;
private $headers = [];
private $body;
public function __construct($statusCode = 200, $reasonPhrase = 'OK')
{
$this->statusCode = $statusCode;
$this->reasonPhrase = $reasonPhrase;
}
public function getStatusCode(): int
{
return $this->statusCode;
}
public function getReasonPhrase(): string
{
return $this->reasonPhrase;
}
public function withStatus($statusCode, $reasonPhrase = ''): ResponseInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->statusCode = $statusCode;
$new->reasonPhrase = $reasonPhrase;
return $new;
}
public function getHeaders(): array
{
return $this->headers;
}
public function hasHeader(string $name): bool
{
return isset($this->headers[$name]);
}
public function getHeader(string $name): array
{
return $this->hasHeader($name) ? $this->headers[$name] : [];
}
public function withHeader(string $name, $value): ResponseInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->headers[$name] = $value;
return $new;
}
public function withAddedHeader(string $name, $value): ResponseInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->headers[$name] = $value;
return $new;
}
public function withoutHeader(string $name): ResponseInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
unset($new->headers[$name]);
return $new;
}
public function getBody(): BodyInterface
{
return new Body($this->body);
}
public function withBody(BodyInterface $body): ResponseInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->body = $body;
return $new;
}
}
class Body implements BodyInterface
{
private $body;
public function __construct($body)
{
$this->body = $body;
}
public function getContents(): string
{
return $this->body;
}
public function getIterator(): Traversable
{
return new ArrayIterator((array) $this->body);
}
public function getStream(): StreamInterface
{
return new Stream($this->body);
}
public function close(): void
{
// Implementation for closing the stream if needed
}
}
class Stream implements StreamInterface
{
private $body;
public function __construct($body)
{
$this->body = $body;
}
public function isReadable(): bool
{
return true;
}
public function isWritable(): bool
{
return false;
}
public function isSeekable(): bool
{
return false;
}
public function read($length): string
{
return $this->body;
}
public function write($string): int
{
throw new Exception('Stream is not writable');
}
public function seek($offset, $whence = SEEK_SET): void
{
throw new Exception('Stream is not seekable');
}
public function tell(): int
{
return 0;
}
public function eof(): bool
{
return true;
}
public function setMetadata($key, $value): void
{
// Implementation for setting metadata if needed
}
public function getMetadata($key = null): array
{
return [];
}
}
class Uri implements UriInterface
{
private $uri;
public function __construct($uri)
{
$this->uri = $uri;
}
public function getScheme(): string
{
return parse_url($this->uri, PHP_URL_SCHEME);
}
public function withScheme($scheme): UriInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->uri = $scheme . '://' . $this->uri;
return $new;
}
public function getHost(): string
{
return parse_url($this->uri, PHP_URL_HOST);
}
public function withHost($host): UriInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->uri = $this->getScheme() . '://' . $host . $this->uri;
return $new;
}
public function getPort(): ?int
{
return parse_url($this->uri, PHP_URL_PORT);
}
public function withPort($port): UriInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->uri = $this->getScheme() . '://' . $this->getHost() . ':' . $port . $this->uri;
return $new;
}
public function getUserInfo(): string
{
return parse_url($this->uri, PHP_URL_USER);
}
public function withUserInfo($user, $password = null): UriInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->uri = $this->getScheme() . '://' . $user . (isset($password) ? ':' . $password : '') . '@' . $this->getHost() . $this->uri;
return $new;
}
public function getPath(): string
{
return parse_url($this->uri, PHP_URL_PATH);
}
public function withPath($path): UriInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->uri = $this->getScheme() . '://' . $this->getHost() . ':' . $this->getPort() . '/' . $path;
return $new;
}
public function getQuery(): string
{
return parse_url($this->uri, PHP_URL_QUERY);
}
public function withQuery($query): UriInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->uri = $this->getScheme() . '://' . $this->getHost() . ':' . $this->getPort() . '/' . $this->getPath() . '?' . $query;
return $new;
}
public function getFragment(): string
{
return parse_url($this->uri, PHP_URL_FRAGMENT);
}
public function withFragment($fragment): UriInterface
{
$new = clone $this;
$new->uri = $this->getScheme() . '://' . $this->getHost() . ':' . $this->getPort() . '/' . $this->getPath() . '?' . $this->getQuery() . '' . $fragment;
return $new;
}
public function __toString(): string
{
return $this->uri;
}
}
四、使用HTTP消息工厂
现在我们已经实现了HTTP消息工厂，接下来是如何使用它。
php
<?php
use HttpFactoryHttpFactory;
require 'path/to/HttpFactory.php';
$factory = new HttpFactory();
$request = $factory->createRequest('GET', 'http://example.com');
$response = $factory->createResponse();
// 设置请求头
$request = $request->withHeader('Host', 'example.com');
// 设置响应状态码和原因短语
$response = $response->withStatus(200, 'OK');
// 设置响应体
$response = $response->withBody(new Body('Hello, World!'));
// 输出响应
echo $response;
五、总结
本文介绍了PSR-139标准，并使用PHP实现了HTTP消息工厂。通过遵循PSR-139标准，我们可以创建更加统一和可维护的HTTP消息处理代码。在实际项目中，可以根据需要扩展和定制HTTP消息工厂，以满足不同的需求。
注意：以上代码仅为示例，实际应用中可能需要根据具体情况进行调整和优化。
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